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International Criminal Court
International Criminal Court. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has called for South Africa to arrest Sudan\'s President Omar al-Bashir, who is in Johannesburg for a summit of the African Union that started on Sunday.
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The International Criminal Court (ICC) has called for South Africa to arrest Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir, who is in Johannesburg for a summit of the African Union that started on Sunday. Bashir is wanted by the ICC, of which South Africa is a signatory, over alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Darfur conflict dating back to 2003.
Let us know what the ICC is all about. The International Criminal Court in The Hague is a global justice system, having begun operating in 2002. The court has been ratified by 121 countries - but not by the US. It is mandated to prosecute and bring to justice those responsible for the worst crimes - genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes - committed anywhere in the world.
It is a court of last resort, intervening only when national authorities cannot or will not prosecute. Aren't there already several international courts? Yes, but they either do different jobs or have a limited remit. The International Court of Justice (sometimes called the World Court) rules on disputes between governments. It cannot prosecute individuals.
The International Criminal Court, however, is a permanent body. The court has no retrospective jurisdiction - it can deal only with crimes committed after 1 July 2002 when the 1998 Rome Statute came into force. Additionally, the court has automatic jurisdiction only for crimes committed on the territory of a state which has ratified the treaty; or by a citizen of such a state; or when the United Nations Security Council refers a case to it.
All of the cases currently open are in Africa - prompting some African leaders to say it is biased. The court's first verdict, in March 2012, was against Thomas Lubanga, the leader of a militia in Democratic Republic of Congo. The highest profile person to be brought to the ICC is Ivory Coast's former President Laurent Gbagbo.
The charges relate to the violence that followed disputed elections in 2010. In November 2010, a trial started of Jean-Pierre Bemba, a former DR Congo vice-president. In November 2009 another trial started, against Congolese militia leaders Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui. They are charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity.
