Space data highway

Europe is gearing up to launch the first part of a new space data highway that will pave the way for faster than ever monitoring of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods.

Recent years have seen an unprecedented development in satellite-based data and services usage leading to a dramatic increase of data generated in space, as conventional means of data transfer come to their limits.

EDRS-Space Dat aHighway is a new unparalleled enabler providing unprecedented performance options for satellite payload tasking and downlinking. The EDRS-A node is the first building block of the European Data Relay Satellite (EDRS), a "big data" highway costing nearly 500 million euros ($545 million) that will harness new laser-based communications technology.

The EDRS will considerably improve transmission of large amounts of data, such as pictures and radar images, from satellites in orbit to Earth as they will no longer have to wait for a ground station on Earth to come into view.

The EDRS-A node, riding piggyback on a Eutelsat communications satellite, is scheduled to blast off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on board a Proton rocket at 2220 GMT (4.20 am local time).

EDRS-A, which is to orbit Earth at an altitude of around 36,000 kilometres (22,400 miles), houses a laser terminal that works essentially like an autonomous telescope capable of locking on to moving targets on Earth.

It will send data to and from Earth or between satellites at a rate of 1.8 Gigabits per second, which is about equivalent to sending all the data that could be printed in a one-metre long shelf of books in one second, according to generally accepted industry measures.

The EDRS will relay data on sea ice, oil spills or floods from Europe's multi-billion euro Copernicus Earth observation project to users in Europe, Africa and the Atlantic area, but its services will also be available to other paying customers. The EDRS is a public-private partnership between the European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus Defence and Space.

Pairing EDRS-A with the Eutelsat 9B satellite, which will beam TV images to Europe, cuts down on costs for both satellite operator Eutelsat and the ESA as they share the expenses of the launch and joint systems. A second satellite, EDRS-C, is to be launched in mid-2017. Eventually further ones could follow, which could also be coupled with commercial crafts.