New microbes that thrive deep in the earth discovered

New York: An international team of researchers have discovered new micro-organisms that make a living in the deep subsurface biosphere of our planet without any light or oxygen. The scientists believe that these organisms are able to survive several kilometers under the surface of the Earth by using carbon monoxide to gain energy.

These microbes that can only be seen in a microscope have been named "Hadesarchaea", after the ancient Greek god of the underworld, said lead author of the study Brett Baker, assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, US.

The researchers first discovered the organisms from a South African gold mine at a depth of over three km. They also found these microbes in vastly different aquatic and terrestrial environments - the deep mud of a temperate estuary in North Carolina and underneath hot springs at Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, US.

As its name suggests, the Hadesarchaea belong to a relatively unknown group of micro-organisms, the archaea. Like bacteria, archaea are single-celled and microscopically small, but from an evolutionary perspective, they differ more from each other than a human does from a tree, the researchers said..

Archaea were discovered only some 40 years ago, by the acclaimed American biologist Carl Woese. To date, archaea remain poorly studied in comparison to bacteria and more complex life forms, such as animals and plants.