Diabetes drug that can lower cholesterol

A common diabetes drug Metformin can help lower “bad” cholesterol that is known for promoting cardiovascular diseases by hardening the arteries, significant research has found.

"The findings suggest that Metformin might indeed have an additional beneficial effect with regards to cardiovascular diseases among the diabetes patients,” said study first author Dr Tao Xu from Helmholtz Zentrum Minchen, the German research centre for environment health in Neuherberg.

Along with the team from the German Diabetes Centre (DDZ) in Dusseldorf, Dr Tu and colleagues analysed more than 1,800 blood samples of participants. Using a comprehensive approach, the scientists investigated metabolic products (metabolites) as well as genetics of these participants.

They found that the administration of Metformin in patients suffering from Type 2 Diabetes led to a change in metabolite levels. According to the authors, this was associated with a significantly decreased level of LDL or “bad” cholesterol.

The researchers speculate that Metformin intake affects the levels of LDL cholesterol, leading to a down-regulation of specific genes. "This is also supported by the fact that three lipid metabolites are decreased after taking the diabetes drug.

Presumably, this is the mechanism how the production of 'LDL' cholesterol is repressed by Metformin,” explained Dr Rui Wang-Sattler from the institute of epidemiology II of the Helmholtz Zentrum Minchen. Metformin is the oldest and most frequently used oral anti-diabetes drug.

It affects blood fat levels via AMPK signalling pathway. The AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that determines the energy status of the cell. In case, the energy status is low, AMPK stops energy-consuming processes like the synthesis of cholesterol or fatty acids.