Gum Disease: An all-too-common problem

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a chronic infection that can result in a number of health problems, from mild inflammation to severe gum damage to tooth loss, if left untreated. In addition it has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

The severity of gum disease is determined by the depth of the excess space, or so-called "pockets," that form as gum tissue recedes. Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease and is reversible with treatment, which results in swollen, irritated gums that bleed easily.

Periodontitis occurs as a result of untreated gingivitis in which the gums significantly recede from the teeth, leading to the formation of infected pockets. As the body's immune system struggles to fight off this infection, tissues and bones start to break down.

The symptoms include sour taste in the mouth or persistent bad breath, bleeding gums, gum tissue that pulls away from teeth, loose teeth or increasing spaces between teeth, pain when chewing, unusually sensitive teeth and swollen and tender gums.

Major causes include smoking and chewing tobacco, systemic diseases that affect the immune system, dental bridges that don't fit properly, hormonal fluctuations, genetic differences and stress.

During treatment the primary goal is to manage the chronic infection that leads to gum damage. Treatment options include regular professional deep cleaning, oral and depot medications and surgery (in more severe cases).

While it's good to know there are treatments, it's better to avoid gum disease in the first place, by brushing and flossing at least twice a day, eating a balanced diet and visiting the dentist regularly. (The writer is Periodontist at Universal Super Specialty Dental Hospital in Neredemet.)

By Dr Vamsi