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Differences between Parliamentary and Presidential form of governments
The executive is not separated from the legislature. The members of council of ministers are the members of legislature. The executive is accountable to the legislature. The executive loses power when it loses the confidence of the legislature.
Parliamentary Government
1. The executive is not separated from the legislature. The members of council of ministers are the members of legislature.
2. The executive is accountable to the legislature. The executive loses power when it loses the confidence of the legislature.
3. In the Parliamentary government, one person is head of state while another persons is head of government.
4. In the Parliamentary systems, the Prime Minister is most powerful.
5. In the Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister can appoint only the members of parliament as minister.
6. In the Parliamentary system, the tenure of the executive is not fixed. The Council of Ministers is dismissed if it loses the confidence of the legislature before its tenure is over.
7. The Parliamentary government is more democratic, because the executive (council of ministers) is accountable to the legislature (Parliament).
8. There is less of separation of powers in the Parliamentary government.
9. During war and other emergencies, the Parliamentary government is relatively less effective and successful.
Presidential Government
1. The executive is completely separated I from the legislature. The members of executive are not the members of the legislature.
2. The executive is not accountable to the II legislature. The legislature cannot remove the executive from power] through no-confidence motion.
3. In the Presidential government, i same person is head of state as well as head of government.
4. In the Presidential system, the President is most powerful.
5. In the Presidential system, the President appoint persons from outside the legislature as minister.
6. In the Presidential system, executive has a fixed tenure normally, the executive head (President) stays in power for the whole term. It is not easy to remove him from power through impeachment.
7. The Presidential government is democratic, because the executive (President) is not accountable to the legislature.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we may say that both systems have merits and demerits. While public opinion has better chance to influence the government's policies and decisions in the Parliamentary system, the Presidential system is more successful in providing political stability.
The Presidential system in the US and the Parliamentary system in Britain have been more or less equally successful in giving prosperity and security to their respective people. Any system of government will succeed if different organs of government work sincerely and follow the rules of the game. Another critical factor in this regard is the awareness and alertness of people.
