Race for White House: 10 things you must know

Washington: Residents of the US heartland state of Iowa will cast the first votes in the presidential nominations process on February 1, ahead of the November 8 election.

Here are 10 key things to know about the US presidential campaign:

Republicans everywhere

The Republican field, with more than a dozen candidates at the start, is unusually large and fractured. The rare absence of establishment-backed Republicans atop the field even as relative political novices like Donald Trump have flourished has led some to predict a serious splintering of the party.

Feel the Bern

The success of Bernie Sanders has stunned many observers, especially as a self-proclaimed democratic socialist in a country where the "socialist" label has been political poison. But while some young and liberal Democrats have embraced his blunt populist message, his lack of foreign policy experience could hurt him.

Teflon Don(ald)?

Trump has taken Teflon politics to new heights, soaring in the polls despite (or because of) a steady stream of provocative statements that would have doomed many a candidacy. Instead, he has dominated the spotlight with what even critics say has been a masterful use of social media.

GOP Marathon

Republican leaders had hoped to avoid a long and costly primary battle that could pull the ultimate victor too far to the right. Yet analysts say that the nominating season could extend well into the spring, and that Republicans might not even know their candidate's name until the party's nominating convention in July.

Lesser of the evils?

Many people in both parties might be holding their noses in the voting booth. Both Trump and Hillary Clinton have strong supporters, but also unusually high negatives in nationwide polls. A recent NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey found nearly half of US voters had negative views of Clinton, and six in 10 had such views of Trump.

Super PACs

The Supreme Court's "Citizens United" ruling in 2010 made it far easier for the independent political groups known as Super PACs to raise and spend huge amounts of money in favor of candidates, potentially a difference-maker. Yet someone like the billionaire Trump, as he often points out, need not be beholden to big-money donors.

Madame President?

Despite the unexpectedly strong challenge from Sanders, Clinton remains well-positioned to become the first woman to capture a major party's nomination. She could then make history as the country's first woman president in which case the ever-controversial Bill Clinton would become the first First Husband.

Third Time Unlucky

Yet, history and voter fatigue do not favor the continued grip on power of a party that has already controlled the White House for two terms. There are exceptions, of course most recently, the 1988 election of Republican George HW Bush after the eight-year Ronald Reagan presidency.

Hispanic Vote

The Hispanic factor is worth watching. Both Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio have Cuban roots, and backers say they could help the party among traditionally Democratic Latino voters (70 percent of whom were Obama voters in 2012).

But the two men have been jousting fiercely over which would be tougher on immigration. At the same time, many Latinos say Obama has not done enough for immigrants.

Wild Cards

As in every election, wild-card issues can drastically alter the dynamics.

Some possibilities: a major terror attack involving Americans, new troubles in the Middle East, a contentious Supreme Court ruling on immigration, another hot summer of racial tensions, a damaging FBI report on Clinton's handling of State Department emails, and, of course, the fate of the oh-so-rocky US economic recovery.