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Etc.,etc, et al, etceteraor et cetera
Etc. or etcis an abbreviation for et cetera. Etc is pronounced as ‘etsetƏrƏ’ or ‘it setƏrƏ’. Etc. is used with a full stop or period, or without it (informal) but depends upon the sentence. If it used in the middle of a sentence, etcis used with a full stop (etc.). The parents always remind their children to take water, snack or fruit, etc. when they go out to play or practice sports or to attend
My days in hostel were tough. I was ragged by my seniors. We were asked to wash their dirty clothes, do their odd jobs, etc. When it came to eating, we would be often given burnt rotis and milk that had awful odour. But, never once did I call home.
I knew if I had to become a tough cricketer, I would have to handle the pressure.” –Suresh Raina In journalistic writings, academic publications, official communications, law journals among others et al or etc. are avoided because it reflects that the writers or officials do not know what else to say.
Etc. or etcis an abbreviation for et cetera. Etc is pronounced as ‘etsetƏrƏ’ or ‘it setƏrƏ’. Etc. is used with a full stop or period, or without it (informal) but depends upon the sentence. If it used in the middle of a sentence, etcis used with a full stop (etc.). The parents always remind their children to take water, snack or fruit, etc. when they go out to play or practice sports or to attend a tuition.
People sit and talk about all things on earth at the slightest opportunity: they can talk about their families, neighbours, shopping, what is new and what is old, etc. Et cetera is a noun referring to other information but not specified, other odds and ends, something more. Etcetera functions as a noun, and adjective (continuing of something stated earlier). And etcetera is also written as a phrase: et cetera.
Some write with lots of etceteras!Et cetera means is used in a sentence when a list of things are mentioned to show that there are other things that the writer/author could have mentioned Using too many etcetera has merits and demerits: it also signifies that the author doesn’t know what else to list them out, and also left to the reader to imagine. A merit in using is that the reader may know and why to mention them again? Et al is an abbreviation for the Latin word ‘et alii’ or ‘et alia’.
Et al is used in a sentence when names are mentioned (Oscar, Osama, Orion, et al were present at the world secular conference to find ways to combat fundamentalism), and also used after things (they went out buy stationery, crockery, cutlery, et al in order to set up their house in a running order before winter). Research done by Kapoor, Cummings, Qassim, et al was path-breaking in the area of elderly behaviour in nuclear families.
